Quick answer
Yes, with the right model and a plan for the coldest days. Most newer air-source heat pumps keep operating down to between −15°C and −25°C, and they're still more efficient than electric resistance heat in much of that range, but they need a supplementary heat source for extreme cold.1
How efficiency changes with temperature
A heat pump's efficiency is measured as its coefficient of performance (COP): the heat delivered for each unit of electricity used. A COP of 2 means twice as much heat as electricity.
- At 8°C, air-source heat pumps typically have a COP between 2.0 and 5.4.1
- At −8°C, COPs range from 1.1 to 3.7, depending on the model.1
- Most newer models operate down to −15°C to −25°C; below their cut-off they stop heating.1
Why backup heat is part of the plan
Natural Resources Canada notes that air-source systems need supplementary heating because of their minimum operating temperature, reduced capacity in extreme cold and defrost cycles. That backup can be electric resistance elements, or an existing furnace or boiler in a hybrid system.1
Choosing a cold-climate model
- Look at the manufacturer's rated capacity and efficiency at low temperatures, not just the headline rating.
- Cold-climate models with variable-capacity compressors achieve the highest efficiency ratings.1
- For Ontario's rebate, the model must be on Natural Resources Canada's qualified products list.2
Common follow-up questions
Will my heat pump stop working at −30°C?
Many models reach their cut-off before that. Check the rated minimum operating temperature and plan backup heat for the coldest days.
Is a ground-source heat pump better in winter?
Ground temperatures stay stable year-round, and Natural Resources Canada says ground-source systems deliver roughly 10 to 20% better seasonal savings than high-efficiency air-source systems.
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Answers are general information as reported by the sources listed on the date shown, not personal financial or technical advice. Programs, prices and rules change. Canadian Energy Standard is an independent company, not affiliated with any government, utility or program named here.